Cultivation Techniques of Garlic
Introduction of Garlic
Botanical name of garlic is Allium sativum
Family of garlic is Amaryallidaceae/Alliaceae
Chromosome no if garlic is 2n=16.
Origin of Garlic is Central Asia
Edible part of garlic is : Cloves
Garlic is a Cross pollinated Crop
Importance of Garlic :
•It is frost hardy bulbous erect herb.
•Cloves is used as spice.
• Garlic is Amino acid & protein rich crop.
• Amino acid of garlic is called allin.
• With the help of Allinase enzyme allin converts into allicin
•Allicin has the anti-bacterial properties
•Pungency in garlic is due to Diallyl disulphide (60%) and Allyl- propyl disulphide (20%).
• Garlic also reduces cholesterol and blood pressure
•Also has the properties of Wound healing potential
•Garlic is also used as pesticide
Which type of Climate required for garlic cultivation ?
• Mild climate is the best for cultivation of garlic.
• High temperature & long photo period essential for bulb formation in garlic.
• For Garlic Short day and low temperature action should coincide the vegetative growth
• Increasing day length from 8 to 12 hours increased the bulb weight of garlic, diameter and number of cloves garlic.
• Critical day length for bulbing in garlic is found to be 12 hours.
• Short day condition suppress bulb formation in garlic.
Alos Read : Potato cultivation : Introduction | Botany | Soil |Season | Varieties | Harvesting | Yield
Which types of soil is best for garlic cultivation ?
• Garlic should be grown in well drained sandy loam soil
•Garlic is sensitive to higher acidity so, we should avoid acidic soil.
• Optimum pH require for garlic is 5.8 to 6.5
Field Preparation for garlic cultivation :
Preparation of soil:
• The soil should be thoroughly prepared by repeated ploughing.
• Well decomposed FYM at the rate of 10 to 20 tonnes per hectare is to be applied. Propagation:
•By clove or bulbils or aerial bulbils.
•Tissue culture techniques as used as explants are also in practice.
Planting season of garlic :
• In Maharashtra, Karnataka and AP :August to November is best.
• In Northern plains of India: September to November is best.
• In hilly areas: March – April is best.
Spacing of garlic :
• The ideal spacing of garlic is 15 cm x 10 cm.
Seed rate of garlic:
500 to 600 kg of cloves per hectare is sufficient.
The sowing of garlic can be done by three methods:
1. Dibbling
2. furrow planting
3. Broad casting
• When close spacing: the size of the bulb decrease but the total yield of garlic increase.
• When broad space: adopted size of the bulb increase but total yield decrease.
• Garlic cloves are soaked in cycocel (CCC) at the rate of 1000 ppm for around 24 hours before sowing to enhance germination.( CCC is a plant growth regulater )
Water management in garlic crop :
• Before planting of garlic the field should be given light irrigation.
• Irrigation is repeated on every 3rd week in garlic field.
• During the initial stages the crop is irrigated more frequently (once in a week) but afterwards the crop
irrigated once in 15 days.
• Irrigation frequency decreases as the crop reaches maturity stage
• During harvesting time irrigation is stopped.
Manuring of garlic :
• Well decomposed FYM at the rate of 20-25 tonnes per hectare should be givenin the field.
• N : P : K: are applied at the rate of 60 kg each.
• Nitrogen is given in two split dose 1st at planting time & 2nd at 30 days after planting in garlic field.
• Application of borax @ 10 kg/ ha: to increase bulb size and yield.
Intercultural Operations in Garlic :
• Manual weeding in garlic may cause damage to the crop, therefore chemical herbicides like pre emergence weedicide- pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i/ ha.
• Foliar application of GA3 @ 400 ppm or treating the bulbs @ GA3 50 ppm stimulates the bulblets formation .
• At inflorescence stage this treatment increase the number of cloves per bulbs and delayed leaf formation in storage.
• Ethrel at the rate 900 to 1400 ppm was found to inhibit the plant height
• CCC at the rate of 1000 ppm resulted in highest yields when the bulbs are soaked before planting.
• NAA, CCC, Ethrel @ 50 ppm are sprayed at 60 to 90 DAP: to increase yield and yield contributing characters
Varieties of Garlic
• Pant Lohit • Agrifound White
• Agrifound Parvati • Yamuna Safed (G-1),
• Yamuna Safed 2 (G-50
• Yamuna Safed 3 (G-282),
• Yamuna Safed-4 (G-323),
• Ooty 1 • Bhima Omkar
Garlic Varieties From ICAR-DOGR, Pune)
Bhima Omkar Bhima Purple
Harvesting & Yield of garlic :
Harvesting of garlic :
• Leaves of garlic turn yellowish and start to drying and bending
• 6 months after planting for maturation.
• Bulbs of garlic are carefully lifted-clean the leaves-tied at the top- shade dried for one week
• Yield of Garlic :
80 to 120 q/ha.