Diseases of rice :
There are various diseases the affected the rice Cultivation such as ---
Leaf blast :
Caused by - Magnaporthe grisea
Symptoms
• Eye spindle shaped spots appear on leaf.
• It starts from lower leaf to upper.
• Brown margin with greyish centre.
• Lesion enlarge, coalesce and kills the leaves.
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Management
• Use only disease free seedlings.
• Avoid excess nitrogen.
• Spray after observing initial infection of the disease,
• Use Carbendazim 50 WP @500g /ha.
Sheath Blight
Caused by - Rhizoctonia solani.
Symptoms.
• lesions are formed on the leaf sheath near water level.
• as the disease progresses lesion enlarge and their centre turn greyish white with brown margin.
• soil borne pathogens and more common in rainy season.
Management
• use only disease free seedling.
• avoid excess nitrogen.
• Spray foliage based fungicide.
• use resistant varieties.
• crop rotation should be implemented.
False Smut :
Caused by - Ustilaginoidea virens.
Symptoms
• Few grain in the earhead exhibit the symptoms.
• affected grand get converted in green velvety mass that are much bigger than normal grain.
• rainfall and cloudy weather during flowering and maturity favours the disease development.
management
• remove affected plant parts.
• use resistant varieties.
• treat seed at 52 degree Celsius for 10 minutes.
• Spray fungicide such as Carbendazim. • Use certified disease free seeds.
Bacterial leaf blast
Caused by- Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae.
Symptoms
• In main field Kresek phase I.e. death of seedling is usually observed one or two week after transplantation.
• initial infection is seen as water soaked lesion at the tip of leaf.
• the affected portion turns straw coloured and the central leaf blade remains green for sometimes, finally the entire leaf get blighted.
management
• Soaking of seed in streptocycline (3g in 1 little).
• grow tolerant variety.
• fourier based application of copper based bacteriside.
Bakanae Disease :
Caused by - Gibberella fujikuroi.
Symptoms.
• The disease is commonly found throughout the the whole growth stages of rice plant.
• infected seedling elongates abnormally, becomes slender and the leaves turn pale yellow green.
• infected plant develop root at the upper nodes and the whole plant turns yellow.
Management.
• use resistant variety.
• since the causal organism is typically seed born , seed treatment with fungicide I. e. Benomyl or Thiophanate methyl is very effective in managing the disease.
• certified seed should be used.
Rice tungro disease :
Caused by - Rice tungro virus.
Symptoms
• Discoloration of leaf from light green to orange yellow.
• stunted plant growth.
• virus is transmitted by green leaf hoppers.
• the earheads are small and grains are illfilled.
management
• use resistant variety.
• Spray of insecticides such as carbofuran 3G.
• use only disease-free seedling.
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