Hello everyone,
Today we will discuss about diseases of sugarcane. A Lots of diseases that affect the sugarcane and decrease their production and decrease the income of farmers so, today we study about diseases and their management. so let's start....
Grassy shoot :
Caused by - phytoplasma
Symptoms -
👉 Infected plant produces large number of thin leaves.
👉 Tillers like grass so known as grassy shoot.
👉 The tiller are small and yellowish white in colour.
Management :
• eradication of disease plant as soon as symptoms are seen.
• Avoid selection of setts from deceased area.
• pre treating the healthy setts with hot water at 52 degree C for one hour.
• treating them with hot air at 54 degree celsius for 8 hours.
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Sugarcane smut disease / Whip smut.
Caused by -. Ustilago scitaminea.
Symptoms :
👉Two to four months after the fungus has infected the plant, black whips like structure inserted of a spindle leaf emerge from the meristem or growing point of the plant.
👉 The developing Whip is mixture of plant tissue and fungal tissue.
👉 Plant infected with the fungus usually appear to have thin stalks and are often started .
👉 They end up tilling much more than normal and this results in leaves that are more slender and much weaker.
Management :
• Rouge out the diseased shoots.
• select healthy planting material.
• Treat planting stock with a protectant fungicide.
• Avoid ratooning of affected cane field.
• Plant resistant variety.
• Rotate sugarcane with a resident crop.
Red rot of sugarcane :
Caused by - Colleterichum falcatum
Symptoms :
👉 Longitudinal reddening of the normally white internal tissue of the internodes.
👉 A discoloration, that may extend through many joints of the stolk, poor stands of both plants and retoon crops.
👉 Induces inversion of Sucrose in mature canes.
Management :
• Rouge out the diseased shoots.
• select healthy planting material.
• Treat planting stock with a protectant fungicide.
• Avoid ratooning of affected cane field.
• Plant resistant variety.
• Rotate sugarcane with a resident crop
Sett Rot / Pineapple disease :
Caused by. -. Ceratocystis paradoxa
Symptoms :
👉 The disease primarily affects the setts usually two to three weeks after planting.
👉 The fungus is soil born and enters through cut end and proliferates rapidly in the paranchymatous tissue.
👉 A characteristic pineapple smell is associated with the rotting tissue.
👉 the affected tissue first develop a reddish colour which turns to brownish black in the later stages.
Management :
• Soak the setts in 0.05% Carbendazim for 15 minutes.
• Use long setts having 3 to 4 buds
• provide adequate drainage during rainy season .
• use resistant varieties.
Sugarcane mosaic :
Caused by -. Sugarcane mosaic potyvirus
Symptoms :
👉The disease appears more Prominently on the basal portion of the younger foliage as chlorotic or yellowish stripes alternate with Norma green portion of leaf.
👉 As infection become serves , yellow stripe appears on the leaf sheath and stalks.
Management :
• Roguing of infected plant and use disease free material.
• Chemical spray to manage the insert vector population in early stages.
• Grow mosaic resistance or at least lolerent variety.
• Breeding mosaic resistance variety is needed e.g. saccharum spontaneum.
THANKS......
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