Horticulture Definition :
The term horticulture is derived from latin word Hortus meaning garden and cultura meaning cultivation.
Horticulture is the science and technique of production processing and merchandising of fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants.
Branches of horticulture :
the horticulture can be divided into following branches depending upon the crops it deals with.
Pomology :
Pomology is the branch of horticulture in which we study about fruit crops.
Olericulture :
Olericulture is the branch of horticulture in which we study about cultivation of vegetables.
Floriculture :
floriculture is the branch of horticulture in which we study about cultivation of flower crops.
Plantation crops :
In plantation crops study about cultivation of coconut, areca nuts, rubber, coffee, tea etc.
Spices crops :
species crop is the branch of horticulture in which we study about the cultivation of Cardamom, pepper, nutmeg etc.....
Medicinal and aromatic plants
It is the branch of horticulture in which we study about the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops.
Postharvest technology :
It deals with post harvest handling, grading, packaging, storage processing, value addition, marketing etc.. of horticulture crops.
Plant propagation :
It deals with propagation of plant.
Features of horticulture :
Horticultural products are mostly utilised in the fresh state and are highly perishable.
Horticulture crops means intensive cultivation required a large input of capital, labour and technology per unit area.
Cultural operation like propagation, training, pruning and harvesting are skilled and specific to horticulture crops.
Horticultural products are rich source of Vitamins, minerals and alkaloids.
Scope of horticulture :
There are various scope of horticulture such as -
To meet the requirement of process industries.
To improve the economic condition of the farmer and to engage more labour to abort the problem of employment.
To exploit great variability of agro climatic conditions.
To meet the need for fruits, vegetables, flowers, species in relation to population growth based on minimum nutritional and other being.
Role in Agroforestry.
Important points :
🥕 India is the second largest producer of fruit after China.
🌽 India ranks first in mango banana and guava production in the world.
🍇 Uttar Pradesh is the leading producer of mango in India.
🍓 West Bengal is the leading producer of pineapple in India.
🌾 Jammu and Kashmir is the leading producer of apple and nut crops in India.
🍉 Bihar is the leading producer of litchi in India.
🍎 Andhra Pradesh is the leading producer of citrus and papaya in India.
🥑 Tamilnadu is the leading state of fruit production and productivity in India.
🍒 Largest exporter of citrus is Spain.
🍑 Hesperidium is present in lemon and orange.
🍐 Mosambi, malta and Sathgudi is commonly known as sweet orange.
🍅 India ranks fifth among major lime and lemon producing countries.
🥝 Nagpur is the largest producer of banana in the world.
🌶️ Central Banana Research Station (CBRS) located at Tamil Nadu.
🍄 Karnataka is the leading producer of sapota in India.
🍠 Maharashtra is leading producer of grapes guava and pomegranate in India.
🥒 Himachal Pradesh is known as Apple bowl of India.
🍆 Almond is cross pollinated by honey bees.
🥔 USA is the largest producer of almond in world.
🥜 Fig has highest fibre content among fruits.
🌰 Cashew is the third important agriculture commodity exported from India.
🍞 The blueberry fruit is an apigynous or false berry.
🍓 Grapes is a deciduous crop.
🥕 Grapes is a multi seeded berry.
🌽 In grapes, rains during ripening cause berry cracking and rotting.
🍇 Kiwi fruit is national symbol of New Zealand.
🌾 Mango is the national fruit of India.
🍎 Persimmon is the national fruit of Japan.
🥑 In mango Pollination is carried by common housefly.
🍒 Potato is known as the king of vegetable.
🍑 Pea is known as the Queen of pulses.
🍉 Litchi is known as the Queen of fruits.
🍆 Cardamom is known as the Queen of spices.
🌰 Black pepper is known as the king of spices.
🥑 Rose is known as the king of flower.
🍒 Cocoa is known as the food of God.
🌽 Apple is known as the king of temperate fruits.
🍇 Edible part of mango is mesocarp.
🍄 Mango is a drupe type of fruit.
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