Hydroponics: Definition | Types | Advantage | Disadvantage

 

Cheap Seasonal Mushroom Production Room :

  

Mushroom production is a profitable industry, mostly small farmers. Exceptionally, there are only a few industrial units which are highly technical and equipped with a controlled environment. Small farmers are mostly dependent on seasonal production, and they grow mushrooms in winter using low-cost production facilities and provide beneficial support in annual production of mushrooms. Seasonal small farmers take advantage of the natural low temperatures of winter to produce one or two crops. They not only contribute significantly to India's mushroom production, but also provide excellent nutritional sources by taking advantage of the climate. Mushroom cultivation can be increased by using low-cost structure in which mushroom cultivation can be done for 8-10 months in a year by using agricultural waste material which suits the local climate. 

Mushroom growing house 

Seasonal Mushroom Production Room: 

  

Seasonal mushroom production rooms are made up of simple brick walls and asbestos sheet roofs and have a false ceiling. The room can be insulated for better crop production. No energy is required to keep the weather generating room hot or cold. For seasonal production, the production room can also be made with a simple thatch with polyethylene on the lower side. The main door is situated on one side of the room and the exhaust pipe is situated on the opposite side. Mushrooms are grown on beds made of bamboo sticks and reed stems. This type of production room can also be constructed from a low-cost structure such as a steel pipe frame covered with polyethylene. 

  

Genuine low-cost production rooms made in rural areas with simple technology, walls, roof, and reeds are made of bamboo and reeds with no air ventilation facility. Natural air exchange takes place all the time through the walls with porous stems. Mushroom production rooms are covered with bamboo frames and synthetic fiber fabrics and inside and outside with straw. 

 

Maintaining the prescribed temperature and humidity of the production room at any cost in mushroom crop is the main subject. It is not that only a well-established commercial unit is the only air handling unit or structure that does not require much effort nor more expensive  

The cooling unit can be used in it of raw materials. As seasonal growers have the advantage of climate, they can also use some common techniques to maintain a well-defined temperature and humidity. The interior surfaces and walls are kept wet to maintain high humidity in the production room. By wrapping the sack around the compost bag and watering it regularly, spraying the compost bag or casing soil with water regularly, the available environment will help the pin head to come out and grow. 

  

Any waterproof material such as banana wrap, or coconut leaves can also be used in place of plastic sheets. Many farmers in rural areas of India have successfully grown mushrooms using this type of structure. These production rooms should be doors which should also be airtight with proper insulation. The plastic sheet or tarpaulin used in one season should be folded and used for the next crop. To make this type of structure does not require much effort nor more expensive raw materials. Unlike long lasting structures, it does not require much maintenance and can be built in 3-4 days. 

  Also Read : Cultivation Of Oyster Mushroom

Mushroom chambers are made using available local materials such as bamboo thatch and mud cover. The walls are always made of bamboo pieces which are covered with a mixture of soil and cow dung. A second wall is built around the room to make a good thermal insulation project and 15 cm (about 5.91 in) between the two walls. Keep the distance. Only the outer surface of the outer wall should be coated with clay. The air surface between two walls acts as an insulator whereas air is a weak conductor of heat. If a dry thatch is filled in the space between the two walls, it can act as a better insulation. The lower surface of the chamber should be made of cement only. But if this is not possible, then a well pressed and clay-coated surface will also suffice. Cover the roof with thick balconies using asbestos sheets 

 

Should be made from the thatch roof must have a double (false) sealing to prevent adulteration or contamination of unnecessary substances. Behind the main door, the upper and lower surfaces in the room and the right and left surfaces should have ventilation facilities so that regular air can flow in the room. 

Mushroom growing house 

  

  Also Read : Cultivation Of Oyster Mushroom

Raw material used in low-cost mushroom production room: 

 The raw material used for making mushroom production rooms is different at different places varies accordingly. The farmer can choose the raw material as per his wish, but it should be available in abundance and should be free of cost. Only then will it be beneficial for the farmers. In the districts of Dehradun, Nainital, Meerut, Kanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi, Allahabad, Ghazipur and Bulandshahr, production rooms are made from reeds. Apart from this, bamboo straw and wild grasses are also used, and animal dung mixture of soil and husk is used in plaster. Racks are made from reed or bamboo and farmers can grow one or two crops in suitable seasons. Farmers make compost by long method and can get 10-12 kg of mushrooms per 100 kg of compost in about 8-10 weeks. The size of the production room is generally 40' X 20' X 12' or 35' X 18' X 10' and 8-12 Tonnes of compost of 3-4 grades is used in one production room at a time. 

  

Here are some important points which are required in making mushroom farms. they are like this 

1. The farm should be in an open area or in an area where there is no pollution. 

2. Pollution free water should be available in abundance. 

3. Raw materials like wheat straw and paddy straw (straw) should be easily available in the vicinity. 

4. The place of the form should be neat and clean. 

5. One form should not be adjacent to another form. 

6. Farm expansion and marketing facility should be available. 

7. Drainage of water, proximity to main road, electricity facility, underground condition are some other key facts. 

8. Mushroom production room should be at maximum distance from the place of compost preparation so that odor, odor, attracting fly insects, bacteria and virus can be removed from the compost. 

9. Compost making place and mushroom production room should be made in such a way that the air flow is not from the place of compost preparation to the production room. 

10. Cleaning the production room with formalin to keep it clean. 

  

Mushroom industry has a very bright future in India because agricultural waste material is in abundance in India. Only a fraction of it is used in mushroom production, the rest is used as animal feed and fuel in rural areas. 

  

Availability of raw material in abundance, as well as availability of cheap labor in rural areas, suitable training and knowledge of mushroom production will give a boost to this industry on a small scale. Ultimately, it would not be unreasonable to say that it will touch the heights of the sky in the coming years. 

  Also Read : Cultivation Of Oyster Mushroom