General terms related to agriculture processing engineering :
Agriculture Processing Engineering :
1. Cleaning in agricultural processing generally means the removal of foreign and undesirable matter.
2. Grading refers to the classification of cleaned products into various quality fractions.
3. Sorting refers to the separation of cleaned products into various quality fractions.
4. Process in which removal of few large particles in an initial process is Scalping
5. Process in which separation of seed into two or more fractions is called Screening
6. Separation feed into different fractions according to the Size of opening of sieves.
7. The material which is retained over a screen is called oversize or Plus material.
8. Material which passes through screen is Undersize or Minus material.
9. The material retained over a subsequent screen is called Intermediate material.
10. Minimum clear space between the edges of the opening in screening surface is called aperture.
11. Perforated sheet metals have ciruclar, triangular and oblong openings.
12. Openings in wire mesh are square and rectangular in shape.
13.Oblong openings in screen are designed by width and length.
14. Direction of oblong are kept in direction of the grain flow over the screen.
15. In rectangular mesh rectangles formed by the wire mesh are parallel to the direction of grain flow.
16. In hand operated screen cleaner separation based on size
17. Food grains are graded by seed grader
18. Air screen cleaner are used for most of granular materials.
19. Air screen grain cleaners can be classified as vibratory and rotary.
20. Number of screen are present in vibratory air screen cleaner are double or up to 8.
21. Disk separator separates materials basis of difference in length of various constituents.
22. "R "shaped pockets used for separate rice from whole grains in disk separator.
23. "V "shaped pockets used for separate round grain in disk separator.
24. In indented separator materials separate based on relative length.
25. Spiral separator separates grains as per their roundness.
26. Destoner, Pneumatic separator separates material based on difference in specific gravity.
27. Inclined draper separates material based on shape and surface texture.
28. In inclined draper rough canvas belt used for rolling tendencies.
29. To separate mustard seeds from wheat spiral separator is used.
30. In an aspirator fan is placed at air discharge point to create negative pressure (or) suction
31. In most screens particles drop through screen openings by gravity.
32. The pneumatic separator is based on the difference in aerodynamic properties (or) terminal velocity of mixture.
33. Magnetic separator separates based on surface texture
34. Colour separator separates fruits, vegetables and grains due to difference in colour and brightness.
35. The indents are closely spaces and indents shape in indented cylinder separator.
36. Coefficient of friction estimated by F/N
37. Size reduction is the unit operation in which the size of grains of food is reduced.
38. In size reduction to reduce the size of the grain or food compression and impact forces are applied.
39. Example of size reduction in large to medium sliced fruits
40. Example of size reduction in medium to small diced carrot
41. Example of size reduction in small to granular flaked fish
42. Material fails because of its rupture due to application of external force.
43. Operation of hammer mill is an example of dynamic force by impact.
44. Shearing is combined with cutting and crushing.
45. Fineness modulus indicated the uniformity of grinding.
46. Crushing Efficiency is the ratio of surface energy created by crushing to the energy absorbed by the solid.
47. Mechanical efficiency is the ratio of energy absorbed to input energy.