Seed Germination :
Before the study of seed germination, we should study about what is seed? and what is the characteristic of a good deeds. So let's start....
What is seed ?
Seed may be defined as " a fertilised ovule consisting of intact embryo, stored food and seed coat which is viable and has got the capacity to germinate"
Seed is any material used for planting and propagation whether it is in the form of seed (grain) of food, fodder, fibre or vegetable crop or seedling, tuner bulbs, rhizome , root, cutting, grafting, or other vegetatively propagated material.
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Disease of wheat
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Characteristic of seed :
1. It must be true to its type.
2. the seed must be healthy pure and free from all inert material and weed seeds.
3. the seeds must be viable.
4. germination capacity is up to the standard and it has been tested recently.
5. the seeds must be uniform in its texture structure and look.
6. The seeds should be truthfully, labelled, and produced under all due cares.
7. the seed must not be affected by any seed borne disease.
8. it should be dry and not mouldy and should contain 12 to 14% moisture.
What is seed health ?
seed health refer that the seed is free from any kind of disease propogule ( sports, mycelium ....) either active or latent.
Seed Germination :
Germination is the emergence and development of seedlings from the seed embryo which is able to produce a normal plant under favourable condition.
Agronomically, germination means the capacity of seeds to give rise to normal sprouts within a definite period fixed for each crop under optimum field conditions.
What changes occurs during germination ?
The following changes occurs during germination:
1. Swelling of seed due to imbibition of water by osmosis.
2. initiation of physiological activities such as respiration and secretion of enzyme.
3. digestion of stored food by enzyme.
4. translocation and assimilation of soluble food.
5. when seed is placed in soil gets favourable conditions, radical grows vigorously and comes out through micro pyle and fixes seed in the soil. then either hypo or epicotyl begins to grow.
Types of germination :
1. Hypogeal germination
2. Epigeal germination
What is hypogeal germination ?
In hypogeal germination cotyledons remains under the soil.
Example - cereals, gram, arhar, lentil...
What is epigeal germination?
In the epigeal germination, the cotyledons pushed above the soil surface.
Example - mustard, sunflower, castor, onions, tamarind. etc.
Germination percentage (%) :
No. Of seed germination × 100 /100.
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