Mango Cultivation in India :
🌿 Mango is known as king of fruits, national fruits and bathroom fruits.
🌿 Botanical name of mango is mangifera indica
🌿 The family of mango is anacardiaceae.
🌿 The major producing state of mango is Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, West bangal, Odisha and Maharashtra.
🌿 Edible part of mango is mesocarp.
🌿 Mango fruit has the highest vitamin -A
🌿 Mango is the highest, largest producing and exporting fruit of India.
🌿 India's share about 57% of the total mango production in the world.
🌿 Mango production is more than 40% of the total fruit production of India.
🌿 Planting distance of mango is 10 metre × 10 metre.
🌿 Longevity of Mango seed is 30 days.
Soil and climate :
🌿 Ideal soil for mango is red loamy.
🌿 Good drainage is perfect for better establishment.
🌿 Ideal PH range is from 6.5 to 8.
Propagation.
1. Sexual propagation :
It is done by the Seed.
2. Asexual propagation :
By inarching or approach grafting
By Veneer grafting
By store epicotyl
By soft wood grafting
By budding
By air layering.
Commercial mango varieties grown in different states :
Bihar : Bombay green, chausa, dashehari, faxli, gulab khas, Kishan bhog, himsagar, xardalu, langra.
Andhra Pradesh : Neelum ,totapuri, Banganapalli ,Duvarnarekha.
Haryana : chausa , dashehari , langra , fazli
Karnataka : Alphonso, totapuri, pairi, Neelam, mulgoa
Gujarat : kesar, alphonso, rajapuri, dashari, faxli, gulab khas, Neelam, jamadar, langda.
Uttar Pradesh : Mumbay green, chusha, dashehari, langra.
Punjab : chausa, dashehari, malda.
Mango varieties and their characteristic :
Alphanso
🌿It is the most popular variety of India and highly export qualitable , susceptible to spongy tissue.
Amrapali :
🌿 It is the high intensity Verity of mango (2.5× 2.5m) and dwarf , regular bearers, cluster bearing , small sized fruit, good keeping quality.
Arka Puneet
🌿 Regular bearers, attractive skin colour , medium-sized, free from spongy tissue , good keeping quality , good sugar acid blend.
Bombay green :
🌿 Earliest variety of North India , pollinishing variety, highest Vitamin - C and it is called Malda in UP and Sehroli in Delhi.
Chousa :
🌿It is the sweetest variety.
Dashehari :
🌿 Most popular variety of North India.
Fazli :
🌿 It is the late maturing variety of mango.
Kesar :
🌿 Good processing variety of mango.
Langra :
🌿 Most prone to fruit drop.
Lal Sindhu :
🌿 It is the powdery mildew assistant variety of mango.
Mallika :
🌿 Regular bearers, high TSS, good colour, uniform to moderate keeping quality.
Sindhu :
🌿 Seedless variety of mango.
Ratna :
🌿 Regular bearers free from spongy tissue and fibres.
Neelum :
🌿 Best combiner variety , ideal for long transportation, and gives two crops in a year.
Niranjan :
🌿 Off season bearer variety of mango.
North Indian varieties are generally alternate bearer and Mono embryonic whereas South Indian varieties are generally regular bearer and polyembryonic.
Regular bearer varieties are:
Ratna, Neelum , himsagar, pairy , totapuri.
Hybrid varieties of mango and their cross :
Mallika. : Neelam × Dashehari
Amrapali : Dashehari × Neelam
Ratna. : Neelam × Alphonso
Sindhu. : Ratna × Alphonso
Arka Aruna : Banganapalli × Alphonso
Arka Puneet : Alphonso × Banganapalli
Arka Neelkiran : Alphonso × Neelam
Manjeeta. : Rumani × Neelum.
Pusa Surya
Pusa Arumina
Akshay
🌿 Only 0.1 % flowers ( perfect ) develop into fruit to mature.
🌿 Paclobutrazol (5 - 10 ppm) chemical EA most commonly used for flower induction.
🌿 Housefly works as Pollinator for mango.
🌿 Carbon and nitrogen ratio is 10 : 1 for mango.
🌿 Andhra Pradesh is the highest producer of mango.
🌿 Plaster of mango is known as Jhumka which is due to improper pollination.
🌿 Harvesting period of mango is is march to mid August.
🌿 Mangoes are highly susceptible to low temperature injury that's why they should
store above 5 degree celsius temperature.
🌿 Vapour heat treatment (VHT) is recommended for disinfection of mango against fruit flies.
Storage condition
Temperature. 13 degree Celsius
Relative humidity. - 85 to 90%
Storage period. -. 23 weeks
Freezing point -. 1 degree Celsius.
Disorders, disease and pest :
1. Internal fruit necrosis : due to boron deficiency.
2. Sap burning. : Postharvest disorders.
3. Mango malformation. : It is caused due to fusarium moniliform. Spray of NAA 200ppm at the time of fruits bud differentiation.
4. Black tip. - due to brick kiln fumes ( contain sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide ) spray borax (0.8 %)
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