👉 Botanical name of rice is - Oryza sativa.
👉 Family of rice is. Poaceae .
👉 Rice is the most important crop of India occupies 23.3% of gross cropped area of the country.
👉rice contributes 43% of the total food grain production and 46% of total cereal production.
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👉 Oryza has 24 species of which only 2 spaces (O. Sativa and O. Glaberima) is cultivable and rest 22 spaces are wider types.
👉 Oryza sativa is grown in India and Oryza glaberima. is cultivated in Africa.
👉 Rice is a diploid (2n) crop has chromosome number of 24.
👉 Rice contain about 70% Carbohydrate and 6-7 percent protein.
👉 Oryza sativa has 3 varietal types
1. Indica : grown in India ( Tropical rice)
2. Japonica : grown in Japan ( subtropical price)
3. Javanica : ground in Indonesia (wild rice).
👉 Steam of rice is called Culm.
👉 Rice is considered as self pollinated and short day crop.
👉 Rice favour hot and humid climate.
👉 Optimum Temperature for good crop growth is 30- 32 degree Celsius
👉 Requirement of rainfall throughout growth period is hundred to 100 to 150 cm.
👉rice is grown in 3 season in eastern and Peninsular India because of uniformity in temperature.
👉clay loam soil with slightly acidic condition pH 4-6 is best for cultivation of rice.
👉 Normally, rice is grown at spacing of 20 cm from row to row and 10cm from plant to plant.
Season of rice cultivation :
👉1. Aus/ Autumn/ Pre kharif :
Sowing in April - May and harvesting in August September
👉2. Aman / Kharif / Aghani :
Sowing in June July and harvesting in October.
👉3.Boro/ Summer/spring :
sowing in January -February and harvesting in April-may.
Hulling % = Wt.of rice grain/wt. Of paddy × 100.
👉 Milling percentage of rice is 50-55%
👉 Harvest index of rice is 0.40.
👉 Rice is 2 /3 of paddy.
👉 IR8 was evolved by breeder Henry M. Beachell at IRRI , MANILA , Philippines through crossing of Dee-gee-woo -gene ×peta.
👉 The gene responsible for dwarfness is Dee-gee-woo-gene.
👉 In India TN 1 variety of rice introduced in 1964 by G.V. Ghalam from IRRI.
👉 IR8 rice variety was introduced in India in 1966 which was higher yielder than TN1.
👉 First dwarf variety developed on India's rice intervarietal program was Jaya (TN1×T141)
👉 Rice plant is transplanted at :
1. In Kharif season 21 to 25 days after sowing ( 3-4 leaf state)
2. In Rabi season30-35 day after sowing.
3. SRI method 10- 12 DAS.
4. Depng method 11-14 DAS.
5. Dry land areas : 30-35 DAS.
Methods of rice cultivation :
1. Dry or semi dry plant cultivation:
A. broadcasting the seed
B. Showing the seed behind the plough or drilling.
2. Wait or lowland cultivation :
A. Transplanting the puddled field.
B. Broadcasting sprouted seed in bundled field.
👉 AZOLLA is applied in the rice field for nitrogen fixation and enhance the organic matter in the soil.
👉Azospirrillium is a nitrogen fixation bacterium found on root surface of rice.
👉 The most important critical stage for irrigation is tillering to flowering , water supply should be ensured in required amount during panicle initiation to flowering stage.
👉 Rice crop has five critical growth stage in respect of irrigation:
1. Seedling
2. Tillering
3. Panicle initiation
4. Flowering.
5. Dough / maturity.
👉 Rice crop is a lowest water use efficiency and highest water consuming crop which requires 5000 liter of water to produce 1 kg of yield.
👉 Highest nitrogen loss in rice field occurs due to Denitrification process.
👉 World 's first high yielding dwarf of rice evolved through conversion breathing by IRRI is Pusa basmati -1.
👉 Protein rich rice variety is Sabarmati.
👉 Aroma in rice is due to presence of Di -acetyl -1 propaline chemical.
👉 Hybrid rice was developed by using Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS)
👉 Gas emitted from rice field is methane (CH4).
👉 Phalguna variety tolerance to Iron toxicity.
👉 Most dominant read species in rice field is Echinochloa spp..
👉 Weed of rice are controlled by application of:
1. Butachlor
2. Propanil.
👉 the right stage for harvesting as commonly is when panicles turn into golden yellow and the grains content about 20 to 22 percent moisture.
👉 Productivity :
Highest in -
Japan - 63.00 Qt/ha.
China - 62.00 Qt / ha.
India -. 20.00 Qt/ ha.
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